Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / ii / Paper 3 / 9B (Cosmology)

Let $M(r)$ be the enclosed mass. A spherical shell of thickness $dr$ has inward gravitational acceleration $GM(r)/r^2$, so hydrostatic equilibrium requiresWith $\rho =A{r}^{2}P$, these equations reduce toFor a regular central value $P(0)=P_c>0$, the first equation integrates toThe exponential function is strictly positive at every finite $r$, so the pressure and density cannot reach zero at a finite stellar surface. The equations may describe an atmosphere whose density decreases at large radius, but they admit no nontrivial hydrostatic star of finite radius. Therefore