Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2021 / iii / Paper 105 / 2 / b

The Holder inequality interpolates between $L^2(U)$ and $L^6(U)$:Taking cube roots and applying the three-dimensional Sobolev inequality $H^1(U)\hookrightarrow L^6(U)$ givesThis is the H1 L3 interpolation inequality in three dimensions.

Linearity in $u$ follows from linearity of the weak derivative and Lebesgue integration. By the Holder inequality, the three-dimensional Sobolev inequality, and the preceding $L^3$ interpolation estimate,Thus $\Phi$ is a linear functional and a continuous linear map on $H^1(U)$.

After passing to a subsequence, weak compactness and the Rellich-Kondrachov compactness theorem giveFor fixed $w\in H^1(U)$, the Sobolev inequality gives $w\in L^6(U)$, soMeanwhile ${\partial }_j{u}_{n_k}\rightharpoonup {\partial }_{j}u$ in $L^2(U)$. Pairing this weak convergence with the strong convergence of the products, or equivalently using the weak-strong product convergence lemma, yields