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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2021 / iii / Paper 310 / 2 / a / Solution

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 310 2 a
2026-09-28  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
For a spatially homogeneous canonical scalar field, spatial derivatives vanish. Reading the time and spatial components of its energy-momentum tensor in the comoving frame gives
ρϕ​=21​ϕ˙​2+V(ϕ)​,Pϕ​=21​ϕ˙​2−V(ϕ)​.
(1)
Thus the kinetic term contributes equally to energy density and pressure, whereas the scalar potential contributes negative pressure.

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