Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ia / Paper 1 / 11D / a

Rolle theorem: if $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$, differentiable on $(a,b)$, and $f(a)=f(b)$, then $f^{\prime }(c)=0$ for some $c\in (a,b)$. Indeed, the extreme value theorem gives a maximum and minimum. If both occur only at the endpoints then $f$ is constant; otherwise an interior extremum $c$ satisfies $f^{\prime }(c)=0$ by comparing the two-sided difference quotients.

Mean value theorem: if $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$, then some $c\in (a,b)$ satisfiesApply Rolle's theorem towhich has $h(a)=h(b)=0$.