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Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge

2022

Paper 4

The required dipole matrix element is
$$
\begin{aligned}
\langle k,-|x|0\rangle
&=2\sqrt{\frac K\pi}\int_0^\infty
x e^{-Kx}\sin(kx)\,dx\\
&=\frac{4Kk\sqrt{K/\pi}}{(K^2+k^2)^2},
\end{aligned}
$$
where differentiating the elementary Laplace integral for $\sin(kx)$ evaluates the last integral. Hence
$$
|\langle k,-|x|0\rangle|^2
=\frac{16K^3k^2}{\pi(K^2+k^2)^4}.
$$

Put $E_f=E_0+\hbar\omega>0$ and $k_f=\sqrt{2mE_f}/\hbar$. The <continuum transition probability at long times> uses
$$
\frac{\sin^2(\Omega_kt/2)}{(\Omega_k/2)^2}
\longrightarrow2\pi t\,\delta(\Omega_k).
$$
Since
$$
\delta(\Omega_k)
=\frac{m}{\hbar k_f}\delta(k-k_f),
$$
the total escape probability becomes
$$
\begin{aligned}
P_{\rm free}(t)
&=\int_0^\infty|c_k(t)|^2\,dk\\
&\sim\frac{2\pi F^2t}{\hbar^2}
\frac{m}{\hbar k_f}
\frac{16K^3k_f^2}{\pi(K^2+k_f^2)^4}\\
&=\frac{32F^2tmK^3k_f}
{\hbar^3(K^2+k_f^2)^4}.
\end{aligned}
$$
For the attractive <delta potential>,
$$
|E_0|=\frac{\hbar^2K^2}{2m},
\qquad
\frac{k_f^2}{K^2}=\frac{E_f}{|E_0|}.
$$
Substitution gives the requested leading-order result:
$$
\boxed{
P_{\rm free}(t)
=\frac{8\hbar F^2t}{mE_0^2}
\frac{\sqrt{E_f/|E_0|}}
{(1+E_f/|E_0|)^4}}.
$$

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ii / Paper 4 / 33A / c / Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ii / Paper 4 / 33A / c / Solution

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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ii / Paper 4 / 33A / c / Solution

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