Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / iii / Paper 341 / Section A / 2 / c

For algebraic stability of a Runge-Kutta method, the weights must be nonnegative andmust be positive semidefinite. With the intended collocation weights,Positive semidefiniteness is therefore possible only at $\alpha =1/3$; substitution gives nonnegative weights and a positive-semidefinite $M$. Hence the intended family is algebraically stable exactly whenWith the sign printed in the paper, one instead obtainsEquality forces $\alpha =1/2$, where $M$ still has nonzero off-diagonal entries and is indefinite. The literal printed tableau is consequently algebraically stable for no value of $\alpha$.