Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2023 / iii / Paper 309 / 2 / c / ii

Let $K={\partial }_t$ and let the future unit normal to ${\Sigma }_{\tau }$ be $n=f^{-1}{\partial }_t$. The conserved Killing energy is the fluxSubstitution of the Klein-Gordon scalar stress-energy tensor gives exactlyApply the divergence theorem to the slab $[{\tau }_1,{\tau }_2]\times {\mathbb{R}}^3$. The spatial-boundary flux vanishes because $\psi$ decays, and ${\nabla }_a{J}^a=0$ makes the two time-slice fluxes equal. Thus this conserved scalar-field energy in a static spacetime is independent of $\tau$.