Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2023 / iii / Paper 337 / 1 / f

When $T\ll \Delta$, the argument of the inverse hyperbolic sine is large. Using $\mathrm{arsinh}z=\log (2z)+1/(4z^2)+O(z^{-4})$ givesThe mass remains the zero-temperature gap, with an exponentially small correction from thermally activated excitations.

When $T\gg \Delta$, expand around $z=1/2$. Ifis the golden ratio, then $\mathrm{arsinh}(1/2)=\log \phi$, andThe leading value $m/T=2\log \phi$ is universal. This is the quantum-critical regime: temperature is the only leading energy scale and the correlation length is of order $v/T$.