2 (source code)
= 2
{scope}
The source's tangential arrows $a,c$ respectively point along and against the original motion; $b,d$ point radially outward and inward. Write $r_0$ for the initial <orbital radius>, $v_c=\sqrt{GM/r_0}$ for the <circular orbital speed>, and $\delta>0$ for the small added <speed>. The resulting trajectories follow the <velocity kick on a circular Kepler orbit> formulas. Here <orbital energy> includes <kinetic energy> and <gravitational potential energy>; <angular momentum> refers to the central object.
\Image[/past-exam-of-the-physics-1-paper-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017-resit-orbital-impulses.png]
{title=Four Kepler orbits following small tangential or radial velocity changes}
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