Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 14 3 Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
The drawn component is an unknot. Its exterior is a solid torus , in which is a pattern of a satellite knot. A meridian of a solid torus of is , whereas its longitudinal direction is . Thus the prescribed gluing sends these directions to and , respectively. This identifies with a tubular neighborhood of with its zero Seifert framing.
Removing the pattern before making this identification givesEquivalently, meridionally filling the remaining boundary first removes from the construction and leaves ; its filling core is the required satellite knot .
In the original link diagram, the two parallel passages through a meridional disk of run in the same direction; closing them uses a single interchange. The winding number of a satellite pattern is therefore two. Untwisting the surrounding disk shows that is the unknot (the pattern is the cable knot, up to the harmless sign of its single interchange). In particular . The Satellite formula for the Alexander polynomial now gives the concise answerHere allows multiplication by . Reversing the winding orientation replaces by , giving the same Alexander polynomial of a knot up to such a unit.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 112 1 b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Let contain the pattern of a satellite knot . Its class in is the winding number of a satellite pattern. Winding number zero therefore makes null-homologous in , so bounds an oriented embedded surface . LetFor any companion knot , an embedding as a tubular neighborhood of carries to a Seifert surface for the satellite knot . Henceand the bound depends only on the pattern.