Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 iii Paper 55 4 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
The prescribed photon budget requires a collapsed mass fraction , assuming baryons trace the collapsed mass fraction and using the supplied effective photon yield. No extra photon-escape or recombination correction should be counted on top of this stipulated budget.
For spectral slope , . The mass-scale measurement givesBoth relevant epochs are matter-dominated, so the linear growth factor ratio is , independent of any present-day normalization convention. Thus . The Press-Schechter formalism givesUsing the supplied inverse value,This is the photon-budget reionization threshold in the specified toy model, not a measurement of the full astrophysical reionization history.
To estimate the characteristic mass, use the non-dissipative spherical-collapse model result . At this high redshift the background matter density is practically the critical density. Circular virial velocity then obeysConsequentlyFor , this gives and , with physical virial radius about .
At the threshold mass the halo peak height is , soThe present mean matter density is . Hence the differential abundance per logarithmic mass interval is about andRounded inputs and the supplied approximate factor justify quoting about . The corresponding physical separation is about at this epoch. The requested halo spacing from a differential mass function uses a logarithmic mass bin of order unity; it is not obtained by identifying with that differential abundance. A cumulative number density above the threshold requires a separate mass integral.