Use the usual cell structure on the torus: one vertex, two one-cells , and one two-cell attached by the word . Take the meridian being collapsed as . The quotient has one vertex, the surviving circle , and a two-cell whose attaching word reduces to and is null-homotopic. Attaching a two-cell to a circle by a null-homotopic loop gives a space homotopy equivalent to .
Alternatively its cellular chain groups are , and both boundary maps vanish: the two-cell traverses once in each direction, and the one-cell's endpoints coincide. Thus the integral homology groups are
The pinched torus is connected, so reduced is zero.
Pinched torus 2026-10-14
Collapsing an essential meridian circle of a torus to one point gives the pinched torus. In the torus's CW structure, the two-cell attaches to two circles by the commutator. Collapsing one circle leaves one one-cell and a two-cell attached by a null-homotopic word. Thus the quotient is homotopy equivalent to . Its cellular chain groups are in degrees zero, one and two, with zero differentials, so its integral homology groups are and vanish in all higher degrees. This illustrates that collapsing a circle can preserve a top-dimensional homology class even while reducing the first homology rank.