Radiation-induced amorphization

Loss of long-range crystalline order through irradiation damage. radiation-induced amorphization does not itself demonstrate loss of chemical containment or a specified radionuclide release rate.

Table of contents
- Amorphous fraction Radiation-induced amorphization
- Direct-impact amorphization model Radiation-induced amorphization
  - Effective amorphization volume per decay Direct-impact amorphization model
  - Cumulative alpha-decay event density Direct-impact amorphization model

Amorphous fraction ( $f_{a}$ )

The fraction of a material lacking the specified long-range crystalline order. It is a structural measure, not directly a dissolved mass fraction or radionuclide release fraction.

Direct-impact amorphization model ( $f_{a} = 1 - e^{- R v t}$ )

A random-overlap model in which each independent radioactive decay damages a fixed volume. At constant event rate density

R

and damaged volume

v

, the surviving crystalline fraction is

e^{- R v t}

and the amorphous fraction is

1 - e^{- R v t}

.

Effective amorphization volume per decay ( $V_{α}$ )

The effective volume converted to an amorphous state by one independent radioactive decay event in a direct-impact model. The subscript alpha can index the event without identifying the emitted alpha particle as the dominant source of ballistic radiation damage.

Cumulative alpha-decay event density ( $D (t) = \int_{0}^{t} R (s) d s$ )

The number of alpha decay events per material volume accumulated over time. For constant alpha-decay event rate density

R

,

D = Rt

; otherwise

D (t) = \int_{0}^{t} R (s) d s

. Multiplying by a damaged volume per event gives a dimensionless overlap parameter.

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