Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 358 3 d Solution 2026-09-28
Assume for contradiction that a sequence of general algorithms decides ergodicity from the perfect measurement data, so that eventually equals for every .
Restrict the input class to the circle rotationsFrom inexact information in the SCI hierarchy for the real number , one can answer every requested measurement of to the same precision. The supposed algorithms would therefore give a one-limit decision procedure forbecause part (b)(ii) identifies ergodicity with irrationality.
Every finite-information general algorithm is locally constant on a sufficiently small cylinder of the inexact data. A pointwise limit of a sequence of such functions is a Baire class one function. But the rationality indicator is discontinuous at every real number: every interval contains both rational and irrational numbers. The theorem that the discontinuity set of a Baire class one function is meagre, or directly rationality indicator is not Baire class one, gives a contradiction.
Hence no one-limit tower of general algorithms can decide ergodicity, even with the perfect measurement device: