Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 ii Paper 4 11G Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Define the Möbius function by , for a product of distinct primes, and if a prime square divides . For , summing over square-free divisors gives , while the sum is one at .
Both Dirichlet series and converge absolutely for . Their product may therefore be regrouped by the product of the indices:This simultaneously proves andIn particular .
Under the assumed analytic continuation, is holomorphic near when , and as . If were a zero of order , local factorization would give for sufficiently small positive . The preceding absolutely convergent bound gives instead , a contradiction. Thus . This reciprocal Dirichlet-series bound on boundary-zero multiplicity does not assert that any such boundary zero exists.