Let be a commutative unital ring and with a unit. Set . The coefficient of in gives . At every degree , the coefficient is plus an expression involving only ; choose to cancel that expression. This gives a unique right compositional inverse of a formal power series.
Similarly, the coefficient of in is plus previously fixed terms, so the same recursion gives a left inverse . Composition of zero-constant-term formal power series is associative, since every coefficient involves finitely many terms. Therefore , proving .

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