Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 iii Paper 30 4 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let and . This connection event is the union over of . The union bound therefore supplies a graph vertex with connection probability at least .
Every boundary graph vertex has some coordinate equal to or . By applying a permutation and a graph automorphisms, which preserve both the law and the boundary, choose such a graph vertex in the form while retaining its probability bound. Now is a reflection of . Translation and reflection invariance givePositive association of random variables applied to the two connection events, whose intersection implies , proves the reflection comparison of random-cluster connections:Also , since any path to meets the box boundary. Consequentlyand henceHere , so . Both outside logarithmic connection rates converge to by part (b). Squeezing gives the rate for every box size, and therefore for the requested even subsequence: