Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 204 1 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
The union bound gives . Hence some boundary graph vertex has percolation two-point connection probability at least . The rotations and reflections of the square lattice let us choose such a graph vertex as , . Reflection in the vertical line through sends to and fixes . ThereforeThe Harris-FKG inequality applied to these two increasing events proves the reflection lower bound for two-point percolation:Every graph path from to reaches , so . Taking roots givesBoth outside expressions have limit of a sequence , proving the even case. For , the Harris-FKG inequality with the last horizontal edge gives , and also . The lower bound has rootThe upper bound has the same limit of a sequence. At all positive-distance connection probabilities vanish. Thus for every .
Percolation one-arm decay rate 2026-10-06
For bond percolation on the square lattice, the one-arm probability has a root limit of a sequence . The BK boundary-splitting estimate implies that is submultiplicative for positive integers. Applying the Fekete lemma to its logarithm proves existence when ; at the rate is zero. The same rate is the root limit of the percolation two-point connection probability along a coordinate axis, by the reflection lower bound for two-point percolation.