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For a unitary transformation $e^S$, take $S^{†}=-S$ and $S=O(t)$. Operator conjugation by an exponential givesSeparate the unperturbed energy $\mathcal{E}(\Delta )$ from $H_t=O(t)$. To first order,Therefore eliminating the first-order hopping requiresThis is a Schrieffer-Wolff transformation: virtual transitions are removed from the leading Hamiltonian and reappear as higher-order effects within a retained occupation sector. The same canonical-elimination strategy relates localized-moment and effective-exchange descriptions in the original construction.^[ref]

Such a choice requires the hopping to connect separated unperturbed energies. If it connects exactly degenerate states, those states must remain in the retained degenerate block; a singular perturbative generator is not an acceptable replacement.

A theoretical condensed matter physicist who coauthored the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation with John Robert Schrieffer. Their canonical transformation relates a model with fluctuating impurity charge to an effective model of spin exchange in the weak-mixing limit. This explains how virtual charge processes can produce the low-energy physics associated with the Kondo effect.^[ref]