Past exam of the theoretical physics I course of the University of Cambridge 2017 2 e Solution 2026-10-18
Define the positive focusing frequencyIn the paraxial approximation , traversal time is . The exit values areAcross the exit fringe, and remove the azimuthal velocity. The radial velocity remains continuous in the thin-fringe model. Outside, the transverse trajectory is therefore straight along a fixed azimuth, not a continuing helix. Taking the outgoing axial speed also as , the distance to the axis isIt is independent of , so all equal-speed paraxial rays focus to a common point. The condition ensures the first focus lies beyond the exit. For a weak lens, .
The relativistic solenoid magnetic lens focuses either charge sign, while its rotation reverses with . Keeping the exact radius-dependent , or the exit axial-speed change, produces radius-dependent corrections and spoils an exact common focus. Thus the requested focus is appropriately a paraxial result, with the end fields included even when their axial-speed changes are neglected.