Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Cited passages: pp. 168–170: Table 1, electronic counter, correlated rate-change analysis, magnetic shielding and common environmental effects.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Cited passages: pp. 166–167: Table 1, equations 1–4, gravitational potential term and integration of actual flight paths.
J. C. Hafele Created 2026-10-13 Updated 2026-11-05
An experimental researcher who, with Richard E. Keating, tested relativistic clock predictions using four portable atomic clocks flown around the world. Comparing their readings with a reference timescale after eastward and westward journeys gave different accumulated times. The comparison brought time dilation into a transportable laboratory instrument: the prediction depends on both the aircraft’s motion and its altitude through gravitational time dilation.[ref]