Regulate the surface at , so . On the hemisphere, , and its area isThe Ryu–Takayanagi formula therefore givesThe first term is the ultraviolet area-law divergence proportional to the boundary circle's length; the finite constant is universal for the vacuum of a three-dimensional conformal field theory.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 354 2 a Solution 2026-09-28
Choose a constant-time boundary interval whose endpoints differ by in . Its Ryu–Takayanagi formula surface is the diameter through . Cutting it off at , its length isThe holographic entanglement entropy is thereforewhere the Brown--Henneaux central charge was used.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 354 2 a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The Ryu–Takayanagi formula gives the leading entropy of a static boundary region:On the slice of Poincaré ,The minimal surface anchored on a boundary circle of radius is the hemisphereCutting it off at , its area isThereforeThe universal requirement was the perimeter-law divergence ; the finite constant depends on the stated pure vacuum geometry and equals here. Since , both terms are of order .