Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 74 3 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For statistical homogeneity and statistical isotropy, with the paper's finite-volume Fourier normalization,The angular integral is . In particular , confirming the stated dimensionless power spectrum normalization.
For the scale-free matter power spectrum , set to obtainAt zero the integrand behaves as , requiring ; at infinity its oscillatory integral converges for . Thus in the ordinary convergent range , the scale-free density correlation transform hasThe Gamma function expression follows by introducing , evaluating the complex Laplace integral where it converges absolutely at zero, and continuing within the convergent oscillatory range; its removable singularity at is handled by the limit. Absolute convergence of the original correlation integral requires the smaller range .
The exponent relation is a useful scaling statement beyond that interval, but a pure primordial spectrum over all wavenumbers has no ordinary unsmoothed Fourier correlation integral. Physical transfer functions, cutoffs or smoothing must be specified, and a distributional extension need not yield a positive power law. Even within the convergent interval, the point variance is ultraviolet divergent without smoothing; the finite result here is at nonzero separation.
For a representative present-day ordinary galaxy sample over roughly –, the familiar approximate fit iswhere . These are empirical galaxy clustering parameters, not universal matter-spectrum constants; luminosity, color, selection and scale change the fit, as shown in the galaxy correlation measurements. A formal power law of that slope corresponds to on those scales, not to the nearly scale-invariant primordial spectral index.