Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 312 1 iii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The exchange graph has one quartic vertex attached to , a second attached to , and an internal line of momentumSchematically,The Schwinger-Keldysh conjugation relation gives
Set only in integration limits and phases, retaining its leading explicit power from the six external propagators. The scale factors, six external propagators, and one internal propagator leave the common coefficientFor two right-branch vertices, split the time-ordered integral into and :The two right-vertex factors contribute the compensating minus sign, soFor one vertex on each branch, the two integrals factorize:Thus the quantities requested in the question areAt late time these expressions are real. Summing all four in-in formalism assignments gives