Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 ib Paper 4 10F b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For fixed , apply the given one-variable identity to the smooth functionThe chain rule givesThereforewhereEvery derivative of the integrand is continuous. Repeated differentiation under the integral sign therefore shows that is smooth. This is the Second-order Hadamard lemma.