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Camouflage is concealment that reduces the chance that an observer detects or recognizes an organism. Crypsis can work through resemblance to the background; other patterns can disrupt the apparent outline of a body. Their effectiveness depends on the observer's sensory system, viewing conditions and animal behaviour.

A useful test measures detection or attack by the relevant predator against several backgrounds. A colour match judged by a human does not establish the same match for an observer with different colour vision. Camouflage and resemblance to a defended model in Batesian mimicry therefore require different explanations.

Changes in the contribution of one sensory system to processing information from another modality, often investigated after altered sensory input. Imaging can identify recruitment; causal perturbation can test whether the recruited network contributes to a task.

Divergence of sensory systems and signals associated with the physical or ecological environment, potentially generating mating barriers.

The hypothesis that sensory systems contribute representations used during retention, reusing feature-sensitive processing rather than requiring all memory content to reside in a separate abstract store. A decodable sensory pattern supports this idea without uniquely locating its maintenance mechanism.

A shark is a cartilaginous fish within Chondrichthyes. Its paired fins, jaws and sensory systems support diverse ways of life. The group includes both active predators and filter-feeding forms, so one feeding stereotype does not define it.