Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 42 5 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Put for . Under the bijection , the weights satisfy and . ConsequentlySubtracting proves the alternative Shapley value expressionFor the dual coalitional game , its marginal contribution at predecessor set isThe same weight-preserving complement bijection therefore gives , and both equal the displayed expression. The Shapley value is invariant under coalitional duality. This Shapley self-duality calculation complements within , not within without accounting for the distinguished player.