A relation between a signal and a property relevant to its receiver. Honesty can follow aligned interests, physical constraints or differential costs and benefits; high production cost alone does not establish it.
Signalling in which costs contribute to the evolutionary incentives governing expression. Reliability depends on differences in net payoffs among signaller types, not merely on a signal being expensive.
A signal whose relation to the advertised property is constrained by its production mechanism. The receiver’s use and the relevant physical constraint should both be tested.
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