Primary paper, Management Science 38(6), 884–908 (1992), by Paul Glasserman and David D. Yao. Page884 gives the covariance identity for a difference of simulated outputs; the abstract and later results state conditions for effective common random numbers.

Additional locators: §3, equations 8–9, printed p. 894, arrival and service-completion recursions; §4.2, Example 4.6, printed p. 897, initially empty single-server queue and event-time properties.