For zero mean velocity and magnetic field in a shearing box, the perturbation energy obeys when kinematic viscosity and magnetic diffusivity agree. Bound the work of Reynolds stress and Maxwell stress tensor by , and use the spectral gap of a shearing-periodic box to bound dissipation below. Thus the displayed bound on magnetic Reynolds number guarantees exponential decay and excludes sustained turbulence.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 iii Paper 65 4 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Define the perturbation energy per unit mass by . Dot the momentum equation with and the induction equation with , then take volume averages. The Coriolis force does no work. Pressure work and nonlinear advection are divergences and integrate to zero, as does the background transport. The two magnetic exchange terms add toThe velocity shear term supplies , while magnetic shear supplies . Integration by parts gives the viscous and resistive losses as and . For a solenoidal field , another integration by parts showsAll boundary terms cancel by the shearing-periodic identities. The resulting balance isThe source is work extracted from maintained differential rotation by Reynolds stress and the magnetic part of the Maxwell stress tensor; internal magnetic/kinetic exchange has canceled.
For the decay bound, the elementary inequality givesA uniform spectral gap of a shearing-periodic box is needed; ordinary radial periodicity cannot simply be assumed. At each time the compatible Fourier modes areThey are orthogonal over the box. Their wavevectors areFor every nonconstant mode, , where : if or is nonzero, its corresponding unsheared component supplies the bound; otherwise and the radial component does. Zero mean excludes precisely the constant mode. The Parseval identity therefore proves the time-uniform Poincaré inequalityApply it componentwise to and . With , the energy decay criterion for a viscous-resistive shearing box becomesHenceThis excludes sustained finite-amplitude turbulence as well as infinitesimal growth. It is a sufficient stability condition, not a claim that every box above the threshold must become turbulent. The zero-mean restrictions matter: an imposed uniform magnetic field or bulk epicycle is not controlled by this spatial spectral-gap inequality.