Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 7 4 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For , putThe bound makes finite. Each is continuous; submultiplicativity gives , and the spectral radius formula gives . Spectral radius need not be continuous, so applying the Dini theorem directly to would not be justified. Instead define, on the compact boundary,These are continuous, decrease pointwise to the continuous constant , and therefore converge uniformly by the Dini theorem. In particular,Multiplication is a continuous bilinear operation in a Banach algebra, so the product rule shows that is a Banach-space-valued holomorphic function. Part (i), applied to this power, givesTaking the limit on the left and the limit superior on the right proves the spectral-radius maximum principle:
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 7 4 Solution 2026-10-14
Apply the spectral-radius maximum principle to the entire Banach-space-valued holomorphic function on the closed disk . On its boundary the assumed estimate gives . Thereforefor every . Letting provesThe puncture at in the hypothesis causes no difficulty: the bound is used only on the nonzero boundary circle.