Let be the -uniform hypergraph and use strong saturation of a uniform hypergraph in its immediate-completion sense: each missing edge lies in an -set whose other -subsets are already edges of . The argument allows existing hypergraph cliques. Take , the usual parameter range; if , strong saturation forces every possible edge to be present, and the inequality is immediate whenever its binomial terms are defined. The case has the trivial lower bound zero.
For , choose distinct real numbers and form the Vandermonde matrix whose th column is . Every columns are linearly independent by the Vandermonde determinant. Set , so , and work in the quotient vector space
Here the inclusion of is injective: extend a basis of to a basis of and use the resulting wedge bases of the exterior powers. Write for the image in of the coordinate wedge indexed by an -set . All these images span .
For any -set , let be its coordinate subspace. The restriction of has rank , so has dimension . Wedge a basis of this intersection to obtain a nonzero element
Every coefficient is nonzero. Indeed, projection of onto the coordinates is an isomorphism: a vector in its kernel is supported on , whose columns of are independent. The coefficient is the determinant of that projection in the chosen bases. Passing to therefore gives a linear dependence
If is missing from , take its strong-saturation witness . The dependence expresses in the span of the for the other edges , all of which are present. Thus the vectors indexed by the present edges span all of . The exterior-power quotient bound for strong hypergraph saturation follows:
The bound is sharp: include precisely the -sets meeting one fixed -set . A missing edge is disjoint from , and every other -subset of meets , so adding immediately completes a hypergraph clique of order . The number of included edges is exactly the displayed bound.