Root-of-unity Euler system

Fix a finite excluded set $S$ containing two, and let $W_S$ contain the roots of unity of orders coprime to every prime in $S$. A root-of-unity Euler system is a nonzero algebraic-valued function $\Phi$ on $W_S$ that is even and Galois equivariant, satisfies ${\prod }_{{\rho }^q=1}\Phi (\rho \zeta )=\Phi ({\zeta }^q)$ for $q\notin S$, and satisfies $\Phi (\rho \zeta )\equiv \Phi (\zeta )(\mathrm{mod}\mathfrak{q})$ when the order of $\zeta$ is prime to $q$, for every prime $\mathfrak{q}$ over $q$. Values are required to be locally integral units where the congruence is used. These distribution and congruence properties provide auxiliary cyclotomic extensions, beyond a single norm-compatible p-power sequence.

Let $q\nmid m$ be outside the excluded primes, let $\zeta$ have order $m$, and let $\rho$ be a primitive qth root of unity. Galois equivariance identifies the conjugates with $\Phi ({\rho }^i\zeta )$ for $1\le i\le q-1$. The distribution axiom includes the missing $i=0$ factor, so the field norm is $\Phi ({\zeta }^q)/\Phi (\zeta )$. Arithmetic Frobenius sends $\zeta$ to ${\zeta }^q$, giving the displayed factor. At higher powers of an already ramified prime all q translates occur instead. These are different norm relations; norm compatibility in just a p-power tower does not supply the auxiliary-prime relation by itself.

For a cyclic group of order $m$ with generator $\sigma$, let $N={\sum }_{i=0}^{m-1}{\sigma }^i$. Subtracting adjacent coefficients and using ${\sigma }^m=1$ proves the displayed group-ring identity. If $p^r\mid m$, then $(\sigma -1)D\equiv -N(\mathrm{mod}{p}^r)$. Together with the norm relations of a root-of-unity Euler system, this makes derivative classes invariant modulo p-power powers and permits Kummer descent, with roots-of-unity corrections where necessary. The congruence axiom controls the associated residue and valuation maps.

The divisibility is between generators of characteristic ideals. Auxiliary-prime derivative operators applied to a root-of-unity Euler system produce Kummer classes with controlled valuations. The congruence axiom identifies the valuation at a new auxiliary prime with a residue symbol of the preceding class. The Chebotarev density theorem chooses prime representatives of desired ideal classes, and iterating bounds their elementary divisors by the index of the cyclotomic unit. Passing to the norm tower gives the displayed divisibility, with finite errors removed at height-one primes. The reverse divisibility requires the global index and norm-defect comparison.