A phase-space path integral is defined as a limit of finite-dimensional integrals, not by assigning a classical derivative to every path. Choose , let , and set . On slice the precise prescription is
The remaining Hamiltonian term must have a compatible operator-ordering prescription. For example, evaluate at for midpoint/Weyl ordering. A prepoint prescription defines a corresponding ordering instead. This choice matters for a general mixed ; the separable kinetic-plus-potential Hamiltonian in the next part admits the usual Trotter prescription.
This is time slicing of a phase-space path integral. Integrate the intermediate and the slice momenta and only then take . Typical paths of the Euclidean path integral need not be differentiable; the finite difference is the meaning of the printed . For a fixed-endpoint kernel the initial coordinate is fixed as well, whereas propagation of a wavefunction includes an integral over that initial coordinate.
Weyl ordering 2026-10-06
Weyl ordering symmetrizes position and momentum factors in a classical polynomial before promoting them to an operator. Its phase-space symbol corresponds to midpoint time slicing of a phase-space path integral. In particular, the Weyl symbol of is , whereas its normal ordering symbol is .