Measure pit dimensions from calibrated height data after background correction, with an explicit pit-boundary convention. Preserve the raw image, lateral calibration and acquisition settings. Level the surrounding terraces and correct line offsets with the pits excluded from the fit; otherwise the deep features bias the background.
Segment each depression relative to its local surface, for example by a reproducible height threshold or a fitted rim. Inspect segmentation overlaid on the image. For noncircular pits, report a metric such as equivalent-area diameteror maximum and minimum caliper diameters, rather than pretending every pit has a circular rim. Apply the same definition to all objects and exclude overlapping or edge-truncated pits where appropriate.
The visible scale bar can calibrate a rendered image approximately, while the original pixel-spacing metadata is preferable. The vertical scale is not a lateral calibration. Estimate uncertainty from pixels, threshold choice, background fits and repeated scans. The tip may be unable to enter narrow pits, so measured depths and diameters require a tip convolution assessment or a sharper calibrated probe. Finally classify populations only against independently validated size/type evidence; the image alone does not establish a universal diameter cutoff for edge, screw and mixed dislocations.
The recorded profile has approximately 30 nm deep, flat-bottomed depressions with broadened, sloping edges. The full-height regions are the inorganic surface; the lower plateaux are the infiltrated perovskite structure. With adequate feedback control, imaging trace and retrace should agree when plotted against the same laboratory position.
The tip has a finite opening angle. Its flank contacts a pore rim before its apex can follow an ideal vertical wall, so tip convolution makes a narrow depression appear narrower and its sidewall less steep. For a flank angle measured from the vertical, the horizontal distance needed to descend a height is . Along the cantilever, the nominal front and back values giveThus the two edges can have different apparent slopes. Across the cantilever, the nominal side angle instead gives about nm on each side. The scan orientation relative to the cantilever must therefore be specified before choosing the relevant pair of slopes.
Even a 100 nm wide pore leaves ample room for the tip apex to reach a flat bottom: in the along-cantilever idealization its bottom plateau is about nm wide. A 200 nm pore gives about 178 nm. The tip height is far greater than the 30 nm step, so it does not prevent access. An unreported finite apex radius adds edge rounding; its size cannot be inferred from the listed flank angles.
