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A topological group has the topological Hopf property when every continuous surjective endomorphism is a topological automorphism.

A profinite group is an inverse limit of finite discrete groups. Equivalently, it is a compact Hausdorff totally disconnected topological group.

If $\Gamma$ is a discrete subgroup of a topological group $G$, then left translation by $\Gamma$ is a covering-space action. Choose an identity neighbourhood $U$ with $U{U}^{-1}\cap \Gamma =\{1\}$; the translates $\gamma U$ are pairwise disjoint, and the quotient map $G\to \Gamma \backslash G$ restricts to a homeomorphism on each translate.

A subset $S$ of a topological group topologically generates it when the ordinary subgroup $⟨S⟩$ is dense.

A quaternion of norm $1$ is a unit quaternion. They form the topological group $\mathrm{Sp}(1)$ and identify with the sphere $S^3\subset {\mathbb{R}}^4$. Multiplication and inversion preserve the norm. The Hurewicz theorem identifies ${\pi }_3(S^3)$ with $H_3(S^3;\mathbb{Z})$; hence homotopy-group addition in a topological group shows that $q\mapsto q^m$ has mapping degree $m$, rather than $m^2$.