Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 3 23F Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-29
For the period lattice , define the Weierstrass elliptic function byTo prove Normal convergence of the Weierstrass elliptic-function series, let be compact and choose with on . For ,The comparison series converges by the stated lattice-sum criterion. The Weierstrass M-test gives uniform convergence on ; since was arbitrary, the series converges locally uniformly away from . The locally uniform convergence of holomorphic functions makes its sum holomorphic there, and the displayed principal term gives a double pole at every lattice point.
The function is even and satisfiesThe three nonzero two-torsion points are distinct modulo and each equals its own negative modulo . Therefore no two can have the same -value, so are distinct. Equivalently, is a degree-two branched map and each half-lattice point already occupies its fiber with multiplicity two.
For a transitive example, take the equianharmonic latticeand define . Multiplication by preserves , so is a conformal equivalence. On the nonzero half-lattice points it acts bybecause . Thus it acts transitively.