Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2006 iii Paper 7 1 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Identify the circle with and use normalized Fourier coefficients and convolution:For , summing two geometric series gives the Poisson kernel on the circle:This Fourier series converges absolutely and uniformly for each fixed . Consequently we can integrate it term by term in the convolution; the substitution givesThe resulting series is itself absolutely and uniformly convergent, since and .
The Poisson kernel on the circle is nonnegative and has normalized integral one, as its constant Fourier coefficient is one. Its mass concentrates near zero. Indeed, for and ,Hence its normalized integral outside tends to zero as . Given , uniform continuity of gives a such that whenever the circular distance of from zero is less than . Splitting the convolution error into this arc and its complement yieldsThe second term tends to zero, and is arbitrary. Thus the Abel sums converge uniformly to , or . This is uniform Poisson summability of continuous circle functions: positivity, unit mass and concentration supply the required approximate identity argument.