Dirichlet test 2026-10-05
If the partial sums of are bounded and decreases to zero, then converges. The uniform version holds for functions when their partial sums have one bound independent of . Indeed partial sums starting at index have absolute value at most , and summation by parts bounds every weighted tail from to by . The uniformly Cauchy sequence criterion proves uniform convergence. This justifies integrating a conditionally convergent Fourier series on intervals staying away from its endpoint jump.
This is always true. Uniform convergence makes a uniformly Cauchy sequence: for every , there is such that
for every and . Letting through points of and using the assumed limits gives
Thus is a Cauchy sequence. Since is a complete metric space, converges in .