Class number divisibility for a CM extension 2026-10-14
For a CM-field over its maximal real subfield , the ordinary Hilbert class field is totally real because its real places split. Thus . Its compositum with is an abelian extension of of degree , and is everywhere unramified by unramified extensions remain unramified under base change. It lies in , giving the divisibility. The argument does not require injectivity of extension of ideal classes.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 74 8 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let be the ordinary Hilbert class field of . Its real places split completely, so is totally real. Since is quadratic and is totally imaginary, cannot equal ; hence it equals . Therefore the compositum hasand is an abelian extension of , by restriction of the Galois group to . At finite primes it is unramified because unramified extensions remain unramified under base change. The field has no real places, so there is no infinite-place ramification condition left. Thus , where is the Hilbert class field of . Since , the tower degree formula proves class number divisibility for a CM extension:This argument uses the ordinary class field with split real places; replacing it silently by the narrow class field would invalidate the claim that is totally real.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 iii Paper 23 5 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Fix a prime of over , and a prime of over . Let be its restriction to . Inside the completed compositum, putThe assumption means is an unramified extension. Its residue degree is some ; the completed extension is the corresponding compositum . It suffices to prove that this is unramified, regardless of the ramification of .
Here is a proof of unramified extensions remain unramified under base change using the classification already established. Choose an integral generator of whose monic minimal polynomial has irreducible separable reduction of degree . Write and . Let be the degree- unramified extension. Its residue field contains , so has a simple root there. Hensel lemma lifts this root to a root of in . This gives an -embedding .
An unramified extension of a local field is Galois, so all -embeddings of into a fixed algebraic closure have the same image. The original therefore lies in , and is an intermediate field of the unramified extension . Its ramification index is one. Since and were arbitrary,This proof also explains why no linear-disjointness assumption on and , and no assumption that is unramified, is needed.