Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 ii Paper 1 31E ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-29
At an equilibrium point, and . If , the only equilibria areTheir Jacobian matrix isAt its eigenvalues are , and at they are . Hence for , is an unstable node and is a stable node; for , both points are saddles.
If , every point on each line and is an equilibrium. The line is transversely repelling because the nonzero eigenvalue is , while is transversely attracting because the nonzero eigenvalue is ; the tangential eigenvalue is zero on both nonisolated equilibrium lines.