Software container Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A software container runs one or more operating-system processes with a controlled view of files and other operating system resources. A container image supplies a packaged filesystem and execution configuration; starting it creates running operating-system processes with additional runtime state. A software container typically shares the host operating-system kernel, whereas a virtual machine can run its own operating-system kernel.[ref]
What is a container? in the Docker documentation. Container isolation and comparison with virtual machines
For example, two analyses can use different versions of the same software dependency without placing both versions in one shared installation. Reusing a container image helps reproduce those dependencies. Results also depend on the input data, configuration, mounted files and compatible host facilities. Packaging the software therefore records part of a reproducible calculation; the scientific assumptions and numerical methods still need their own justification.