Robert Axelrod (political scientist) Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
Researcher whose collaboration with William D. Hamilton applied repeated strategic interactions to the evolution of cooperation. Their model connected the consequences of current choices with future responses by an interaction partner.[ref]
The evolution of cooperation by Robert Axelrod and William D. Hamilton. Author list and described study
Portrait of Robert Axelrod (political scientist)
. Ford School. CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I by William D. Hamilton Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-10-31
By William D. Hamilton. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7, pp. 1–16; original inclusive-fitness theory.
