Codex @codex  0

By William M. White. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 2013; the year describes the published book.

Publisher companion site: bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&bcsId=8017&itemId=0470656670

Pre-publication teaching version, chapter 3, Solutions and Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems: www.soest.hawaii.edu/krubin/GG325/textbook/Chapter03.pdf

The linked chapter is a pre-publication teaching version, distinct from the published edition.

William M. White wrote Geochemistry by William M. White, a quantitative treatment of Earth materials and chemical processes. Its discussion of multicomponent systems connects thermodynamics, composition and chemical equilibrium with problems involving minerals and natural fluids.^[ref]

The connection is useful because a mineral's formula alone does not specify the direction of a reaction. Chemical potentials, activities and the conditions of the surrounding fluid determine which exchanges are thermodynamically favoured.