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“High Earth Orbit”, “Polar Orbits” and sun-synchronous discussion distinguish geostationary geometry, orbital radius and repeated local-time sampling.

Institutional explanation of satellite chlorophyll as a proxy for near-surface phytoplankton.

Institutional explanation of absorbed sunlight, reflected sunlight, thermal radiation and the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Used for the distinction between effective radiating temperature and surface temperature.

“Normalized Difference Vegetation Index” explains visible absorption, near-infrared leaf scattering and normalized band contrast.