Pulmonary Function Testing by Warren M. Gold and Laura L. Koth 2026-11-05
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Verified locator: Primary textbook chapter, Murray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, dated 3 April 2015, pp. 407–435.e18, DOI 10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00025-7. Exact bylines Warren M. Gold and Laura L. Koth. Section Static and Dynamic Compliance states dynamic lung compliance uses tidal-breath pressure changes at moments of zero flow; static measurements instead characterize the equilibrated pressure-volume curve. Full chapter inspected.
Additional chapter locators, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7158317/ : Lung Volumes and Figure 25-2 distinguish equal vital-capacity changes arising from different total-capacity/residual-volume pairs. Gas Dilution Methods and Figure 25-10 describe tracer equilibration with communicating gas, supplying the conservation model used in the Koth profile. These sections are jointly authored; separate section authorship is not inferred.
Additional primary chapter locator: closed-circuit helium dilution, Figure 25-10 and accompanying text, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7158317/ . A known external gas volume and initial helium fraction, with equilibration and final helium measurement, determine the communicating lung gas volume at connection. The text describes a thermal-conductivity meter and return of sampled gas to the circuit. The 3 L/10%/4% numerical conservation example in the wiki is original, not reported experimental data.
Additional chapter locators: Lung Volumes compares gas-dilution and Body Plethysmography measurement models, including communicating gas and trapped-gas differences. Lung Elasticity describes how recorded intraesophageal pressure also includes contributions from balloon-wall recoil, esophageal tension and mediastinal structures, in addition to the intended pressure estimate. These experimental contributions matter when partitioning lung and chest-wall stiffness. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7158317/
Additional exact method locators: Single-Breath Nitrogen Test describes the early conducting-airway gas, mixing transition and alveolar plateau. Minute Ventilation defines exhaled gas per minute. The Bohr Equation for Respiratory Dead Space and Physiologic Dead Space distinguish mixed expired gas, alveolar gas and the assumptions in substituting arterial carbon dioxide. These sections support the anatomical-versus-gas-exchange dead-space and ventilation articles.
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