= X. Liu (apoptosis researcher)
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<X. Liu (apoptosis researcher)> is the first author of the 1996 paper reconstructing aspects of <apoptosis> in cell-free extracts. Fractionation identified a requirement for <cytochrome c> together with <deoxyadenosine triphosphate>; removal of <cytochrome c> diminished the apoptotic response, and adding it back restored activity.<Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c by X. Liu and others>[Abstract: extract fractionation, immunodepletion and add-back]{ref}
This experiment connected a <protein> associated with <mitochondria> to activation of a cellular death program. Removing and restoring one component is especially informative because it tests a biochemical requirement within the extract. The paper's indexed byline is X. Liu; this entry does not infer a full identity from those initials.
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