Zirconia
= Zirconia
{title2=$\mathrm{ZrO_2}$}
<Zirconia> is zirconium dioxide, $\mathrm{ZrO_2}$. Its monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic structural forms differ in stability and physical properties.
Dopants can stabilize high-temperature structural forms at lower temperatures and create oxygen vacancies. This underlies applications in structural ceramics and oxide-ion conducting electrolytes, connecting phase stability with defect chemistry.