= Lazard's universal ring
{wiki=Lazard's_universal_ring}
Lazard's universal ring, denoted as \\( L \\), is a fundamental construction in algebraic topology, specifically in the context of homotopy theory and stable homotopy categories. It is a ring that encodes information about stable homotopy groups of based topological spaces. More formally, Lazard's universal ring can be thought of as a certain commutative ring that classifies vector bundles over spheres and, by extension, stable homotopy types of spaces.
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