Action potentials are rapid, temporary changes in the electrical membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell that enable the transmission of signals within the nervous system and the initiating of muscle contractions. They are fundamental to the functioning of excitable cells such as neurons, muscle fibers, and some endocrine cells. ### Key Features of Action Potentials: 1. **Resting Potential**: In the resting state, neurons have a negative internal charge relative to their external environment, typically around -70 mV.
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